Restrictions unnecessary and obstructive

Making a Science of Service Systems Practical: Seeking Usefulness and Understandability while Avoiding Unnecessary Assumptions and Restrictions

This book’s theme is “The Science of Service Systems,” yet there is substantial question about whether the definition and nature of service systems have been articulated adequately. This paper examines definitions of service and service system that could frame or otherwise influence future developments in service science and could have implications for what should and should not be included wit...

An Ironic and Unnecessary Controversy: Ethical Restrictions on Billing Guidelines and Submission of Insurance Defense Bills to Outside Auditors

Infective Endocarditis Complicating Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy: Is Antibiotic Prophylaxis Really Unnecessary?

Infective endocarditis is a relatively rare complication of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Infective endocarditis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is almost always seen in patients with outflow obstruction and is more common in those with both outflow obstruction and atrial dilatation. We present a case of culture negative mitral valve endocarditis in a previously asymptomatic woman with hypertroph...

A Nomogram for Predicting the Likelihood of Obstructive Sleep Apnea to Reduce the Unnecessary Polysomnography Examinations

BACKGROUND The currently available polysomnography (PSG) equipments and operating personnel are facing increasing pressure, such situation may result in the problem that a large number of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients cannot receive timely diagnosis and treatment, we sought to develop a nomogram quantifying the risk of OSA for a better decision of using PSG, based on the clinical syndr...

Commentary: poliomyelitis and unnecessary injections.

vaccines to prevent poliomyelitis have been available for 48 years, paralytic disease continues to occur in some areas, as reported by Kohler et al. 1 elsewhere in this issue of the International Journal of Epidemiology. Let us hope that by the 50th anniversary of the development of the first successful polio-myelitis vaccine all transmission of wild-type polioviruses will have ceased. The Worl...